A Model Of Collective Movement Driven By The Visual Field Mac OS

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Avogadro is an advanced molecule editor and visualizer designed forcross-platform use in computational chemistry, molecular modeling,bioinformatics, materials science, and related areas. It offersflexible high quality rendering and a powerful pluginarchitecture.
  • Cross-Platform: Molecular builder/editor for Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X.
  • Free, Open Source: Easy to install and all sourcecode and documentation is available to modify or extend.
  • International: Translations into Chinese, French, German, Italian,Russian, Spanish, and others, with more languages to come.
  • Intuitive: Built to work easily for students and advanced researchers both.
  • Fast: Supports multi-threaded rendering and computation.
  • Extensible: Plugin architecture for developers, including rendering, interactive tools, commands, and Python scripts.
  • Flexible: Features include Open Babel import of chemical files, input generation for multiple computational chemistry packages, crystallography, and biomolecules.
  • How to cite Avogadro: The Avogadro Paper

The open-source model is a decentralized software development model that encourages open collaboration. A main principle of open-source software development is peer production, with products such as source code, blueprints, and documentation freely available to the public. The open-source movement in software began as a response to the. This is a list of computer-aided technologies (CAx) companies and their software products. Software using computer-aided technologies (CAx) has been produced since the 1970s for a variety of computer platforms.This software may include applications for computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided engineering (CAE), computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) and product data management (PDM). With recent advances in sensor technologies, large amounts of movement data have become available in many application areas. A novel, promising application is the data-driven analysis of team sport. Specifically, soccer matches comprise rich, multivariate movement data at high temporal and geospatial resolution. Capturing and analyzing complex movement patterns and interdependencies between. In a recent article, renowned virtual reality guru Jaron Lanier criticizes the community-driven software development process of the open-source movement, asserting that the model isn't conducive. Geospatial open source movement/revolution began as a reply against the numerous limitations imposed by the commercial code (which is traditionally expensive proprietary software) 4, 5.

News

  • Results from 2018 Community Survey
  • 2018 Avogadro User Meeting
  • Avogadro Part of Google Summer of Code 2018
  • Support Avogadro through Open Collective
  • Avogadro 1.90.0 Released

NAMD Features

Current NAMD Feature Summary

Software Setup

  • Free to download and use. (Redistribution prohibited.)
  • Precompiled binaries provided for Linux, Mac, and Windows.
  • Installed at major NSF supercomputer sites.
  • Portable to virtually any platform with ethernet or MPI.
  • C++ source code and CVS access for modification.
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Molecule Building

  • VMD used to prepare molecular structure for simulation.
  • Also reads X-PLOR, CHARMM, AMBER, and GROMACS input files.
  • Psfgen tool generates structure and coordinate files for CHARMM force field.
  • Efficient conjugate gradient minimization.
  • Fixed atoms and harmonic restraints.
  • Thermal equilibration via periodic rescaling, reinitialization, or Langevin dynamics.

Basic Simulation

  • Constant temperature via rescaling, coupling, or Langevin dynamics.
  • Constant pressure via Berendsen or Langevin Nose-Hoover methods.
  • Particle mesh Ewald full electrostatics for periodic systems.
  • Symplectic multiple timestep integration.
  • Rigid waters and bonds to hydrogen atoms.

Advanced Simulation

  • Chemical and conformational free energy calculations.
  • Enhanced sampling via replica exchange.
  • Tcl based scripting and steering forces.
  • Analysis implemented as Tcl scripts in VMD.
  • Interactive visual steering interface to VMD.

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Scalable Performance

  • Based on the Charm++/Converse parallel runtime system.
  • Spatial data decomposition for limited communication pattern.
  • Message driven execution for latency tolerance on commodity networks.
  • Measurement-based load balancing for scaling to thousands of processors.
  • Largest simulation to date is over 100,000,000 atoms on 300,000 cores.

Historical Version Highlights

NAMD 2.9 New Features (Apr 2012)

  • Improved (temperature/Hamiltonian) replica-exchange implementation
  • Replica-based umbrella sampling via collective variables module
  • Optimized shared-memory single-node and multiple-node CUDA builds
  • CUDA GPU-accelerated generalized Born implicit solvent (GBIS) model
  • CUDA GPU-accelerated energy evaluation and minimization
  • Native CRAY XE/XK uGNI network layer implementation
  • Faster grid forces and lower-accuracy 'lite' implementation
  • Hybrid MD with knowledge-based Go forces to drive folding
  • Linear combination of pairwise overlaps (LCPO) SASA for GBIS model
  • Weeks-Chandler-Anderson decomposition for alchemical FEP simulations
  • Collective variables module improvements
  • Updates to CUDA 4.0 and Tcl 8.5.9, plus option to build with FFTW 3
  • Enhanced performance and scalability

NAMD 2.8 New Features (May 2011)

  • Generalized Born implicit solvent model
  • Accelerated molecular dynamics method
  • MARTINI residue-based coarse-grain forcefield
  • Non-uniform grids in grid forces
  • Symmetry and domain restraints
  • Collective variables module improvements
  • Force output and trajectory files
  • Shared-memory single-node and multiple-node builds
  • Measurement-based grain-size adjustment in load balancer
  • Experimental memory-optimized version with parallel I/O
  • Microsoft Windows HPC Server port and released binaries
  • Support for NBFIX parameters in CUDA builds
  • Enhanced performance and scalability

NAMD 2.7 New Features (Oct 2010)

  • Collective variable-based calculations
  • Improved free energy methods for alchemical transformations
  • Grid-based forces and molecular dynamics flexible fitting
  • Additional bonded terms for restraining molecular structure
  • Support for TIP4P water model
  • Support for CHARMM Drude polarizable force field
  • Support for C2 long-range electrostatics splitting function
  • Support for VDW force switching and long-range tail corrections
  • NVIDIA CUDA GPU acceleration of nonbonded force evaluation
  • Direct (non-MPI) support for InfiniBand via OFED ibverbs library
  • Use of mpirun to launch non-MPI (network or ibverbs) binaries
  • Enhanced performance and scalability

NAMD 2.6 New Features (Aug 2006)

  • Ports to Itanium, Altix, and Opteron/Athlon64/EMT64.
  • Port to Mac OS X for Intel processors.
  • Ports to Cray XT3 and IBM BlueGene/L (source code only).
  • Improved serial performance, especially on POWER and PowerPC.
  • Adaptive biasing force free energy calculations.
  • Customizable replica exchange simulations.
  • Tcl-based boundary potentials.
  • Reduced memory usage for unusual simulations.
  • Support for CHARMM 31 stream files and CMAP crossterms.
  • Support for OPLS force field.

NAMD 2.5 New Features (Sep 2003)

A Model Of Collective Movement Driven By The Visual Field Mac Os Catalina

  • Improved parallel scaling and serial performance.
  • Trajectory reading and interaction energy analysis.
  • Improved constant pressure simulation and coordinate wrapping.

NAMD 2.4 New Features (Mar 2002)

  • Greatly improved parallel scaling with particle mesh Ewald.
  • Locally enhanced sampling via multiple non-interacting images.
  • Alchemical free energy perturbation for mutation, ligands, etc.
  • GROMACS ASCII topology and coordinate input file compatibility.

NAMD 2.3 New Features (Aug 2001)

  • AMBER file compatibility (parm and coordinate input only).
  • The new psfgen tool for building PSF structure files.
  • Simpler to run on a single workstation. (No more rsh!)
  • New ports to the Compaq AlphaServer SC, Scyld Beowulf, and Mac OS X.
  • Improved serial performance, particularly with PME on Alpha.

NAMD 2.2 New Features (Sep 2000)

  • New ports to the IBM RS/6000 SP and Windows NT.
  • Parallelized particle mesh Ewald FFT and reciprocal space sum.
  • Release binaries contain FFTW (under special license).
  • Much faster minimizer based on conjugate gradient method.
  • Improved load balancer with scaling to over 1024 processors.

NAMD 2.1 New Features (Nov 1999)

  • Tcl scripting language interface and config file parsing.
  • Mollified impulse multiple timestepping method.
  • Faster particle mesh Ewald implementation.
  • Periodic boundaries for non-orthogonal cells.
  • New interactive molecular dynamics interface to VMD.

NAMD 2.0 New Features (Mar 1999)

  • Supports periodic and non-periodic MD simulations
  • Can use DPME for full electrostatics for periodic simulations.
  • Triple timestepping
  • Rigid bonds to hydrogen atoms.
  • Fixed atoms (Atoms which are constrained not to move do not haveforces calculated for them).
  • Berendsen and Langevin piston constant pressure methods
  • Steered Molecular Dynamics (SMD)
  • Ability to read CHARMM format parameter files.

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NAMD 1.5 Features (Sep 1998)

A Model Of Collective Movement Driven By The Visual Field Mac Os X

Many of the statements below do not apply to verisions 2.0 and higher.For example,Charm++/Converse has replacedPVM as the parallel communication library and particle mesh Ewald (PME)has replaced DPMTA as the full electrostatics algorithm of choice.Input file formats and configuration parameters have, however,remained mostly compatible across this transition.

  • Efficient full electrostatics. NAMD incorporates the Distributed ParallelMultipole Tree Algorithm (DPMTA) developed by theScientificComputing Groupat Duke University to provide full electrostatic interactionsin O(N) time. To further reduce the computational cost, DPMTA isintegrated using a multiple timestep integration scheme which computesfull electrostatic interactions only periodically during the simulation.
  • Scalable parallelism, to simulate large systems using many processors.Efficient parallel design uses a spatial decomposition scheme combined withmulti-threaded, message-driven execution to achieve load balance and overlapof communication with computation.
  • Modifiable, to enable researchers to experiment with new algorithms andtechniques. The design and implementation of NAMDis fully documented in theNAMDProgramming Guide.NAMD has an object-oriented design implemented in C++to help achieve the highest degree of modularity and data abstraction.
  • Portable, to allow NAMD to run across a variety of platforms.For communication, NAMD usesPVM(Parallel Virtual Machine) fromOak Ridge National Laboratory, which has itself been ported tomost architectures. Porting NAMD is then simply a matter of havingPVM and a reasonable C++ compiler. We have successfully portedNAMD to all of our UNIX machines, which include HP, SGI, Sun,and Linux, both single processor and shared memory multiprocessor.
  • Compatibility withX-PLOR.The input and output files for NAMD are identical to those usedby the program X-PLOR. Thus, simulations can easily be migrated betweenthe two packages, allowing the output of NAMD to be analyzed using X-PLORor any other tool built for these file formats.
  • Implementation of standard molecular dynamics features such asenergy minimization, velocity rescaling,spherical harmonic boundary conditions,harmonic atom restraints, and Langevin dynamics.